Go to the first, previous, next, last section, table of contents.
In this chapter you will find short man pages for some of the programs
that come with MiKTeX.
You will find more detailed information in `c:\texmf\doc'.
The usual way to invoke TeX is as follows:
tex firstinputline
firstinputline, if supplied, specifies the first input line.
It is normally the name of an input file.
For example, the command
tex story.tex
causes TeX to produce the DVI file `story.dvi' from the input
file `story.tex'. You can specify the input file without the
`.tex' extension:
tex story
You must specify the `.tex' extension if the filename contains more
than one dot. For example, it does not work to say
tex foo.bar
You have to say
tex foo.bar.tex.
instead.
Please note: you cannot specify file names that contain space
characters, even if the file system allows such names.
The usual way to invoke LaTeX is as follows:
latex latexfile
latexfile is the name of a LaTeX document.
See Info file `../latex/help/latex2e', node `Top', for more information on LaTeX.
[ This following paragraph is borrowed from the dvips manual. ]
The program dvips takes a DVI file produced by TeX (or by some other
processor such as GFtoDVI) and converts it to PostScript, normally
sending the result directly to the laserprinter. The DVI file may be
specified without the `.dvi' extension. Fonts used may either be
resident in the printer or defined as bitmaps in PK files, or a
`virtual' combination of both. dvips will automatically invoke METAFONT
to generate fonts that don't already exist.
For more information, see the manual `dvips.dvi' in the
`doc\dvips' directory.
[ This section is borrowed from the dvips manual. ]
The usual way to invoke dvips is as follows
dvips options dvifile
dvifile may be specified without the `.dvi' extension.
Options
- `-a'
-
Conserve memory by making three passes over the `.dvi' file instead
of two and only loading those characters actually used. Generally only
useful on machines with a very limited amount of memory, like some PCs.
- `-A'
-
Print only odd pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).
- `-b num'
-
Generate num copies of each page, but duplicating the page body
rather than using the #numcopies option. This can be useful in
conjunction with a header file setting char92bop-hook to do color
separations or other neat tricks.
- `-B'
-
Print only even pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).
- `-c num'
-
Generate num copies of every page. Default is 1. (For collated
copies, see the `-C' option below.)
- `-C num'
-
Create num copies, but collated (by replicating the data in the
PostScript file). Slower than the `-c' option, but easier on the
hands, and faster than resubmitting the same PostScript file multiple
times.
- `-D num'
-
Set the resolution in dpi (dots per inch) to num. This affects
the choice of bitmap fonts that are loaded and also the positioning of
letters in resident PostScript fonts. Must be between 10 and 10000.
This affects both the horizontal and vertical resolution. If a high
resolution (something greater than 400 dpi, say) is selected, the
`-Z' flag should probably also be used.
- `-e num'
-
Make sure that each character is placed at most this many pixels from
its `true' resolution-independent position on the page. The default
value of this parameter is resolution dependent. Allowing individual
characters to `drift' from their correctly rounded positions by a few
pixels, while regaining the true position at the beginning of each new
word, improves the spacing of letters in words.
- `-E'
-
Makes dvips attempt to generate an EPSF file with a tight bounding box.
This only works on one-page files, and it only looks at marks made by
characters and rules, not by any included graphics. In addition, it
gets the glyph metrics from the tfm file, so characters that lie
outside their enclosing tfm box may confuse it. In addition, the
bounding box might be a bit too loose if the character glyph has
significant left or right side bearings. Nonetheless, this option works
well for creating small EPSF files for equations or tables or the like.
(Note, of course, that dvips output is resolution dependent and thus
does not make very good EPSF files, especially if the images are to be
scaled; use these EPSF files with a great deal of care.)
- `-f'
-
Read the `.dvi' file from standard input and write the PostScript
to standard output. The standard input must be seekable, so it cannot
be a pipe. If you must use a pipe, write a shell script that copies the
pipe output to a temporary file and then points dvips at this file.
This option also disables the automatic reading of the `PRINTER'
environment variable, and turns off the automatic sending of control D
if it was turned on with the `-F' option or in the configuration
file; use `-F' after this option if you want both.
- `-h name'
-
Prepend file name as an additional header file. (However, if the
name is simply `-' suppress all header files from the output.)
This header file gets added to the PostScript `userdict'.
- `-i'
-
Make each section be a separate file. Under certain circumstances,
dvips will split the document up into `sections' to be processed
independently; this is most often done for memory reasons. Using this
option tells dvips to place each section into a separate file; the new
file names are created replacing the suffix of the supplied output file
name by a three-digit sequence number. This option is most often used
in conjunction with the `-S' option which sets the maximum section
length in pages. For instance, some phototypesetters cannot print more
than ten or so consecutive pages before running out of steam; these
options can be used to automatically split a book into ten-page
sections, each to its own file.
- `-k'
-
Print crop marks. This option increases the paper size (which should be
specified, either with a paper size special or with the `-T'
option) by a half inch in each dimension. It translates each page by a
quarter inch and draws cross-style crop marks. It is mostly useful with
typesetters that can set the page size automatically.
- `-K'
-
This option causes comments in included PostScript graphics, font files,
and headers to be removed. This is sometimes necessary to get around
bugs in spoolers or PostScript post-processing programs. Specifically,
the `%%Page' comments, when left in, often cause difficulties. Use
of this flag can cause some included graphics to fail, since the
PostScript header macros from some software packages read portions of
the input stream line by line, searching for a particular comment. This
option has been turned off by default because PostScript previewers and
spoolers have been getting better.
- `-l num'
-
The last page printed will be the first one numbered num Default
is the last page in the document. If the num is prefixed by an
equals sign, then it (and any argument to the `-p' option) is
treated as a sequence number, rather than a value to compare with
char92 count0 values. Thus, using `-l =9' will end
with the ninth page of the document, no matter what the pages are
actually numbered.
- `-m'
-
Specify manual feed for printer.
- `-M'
-
Turns off the automatic font generation facility. If any fonts are
missing, commands to generate the fonts are appended to the file
`missfont.log'
in the current directory; this file can then be
executed and deleted to create the missing fonts.
- `-n num'
-
At most
num
pages will be printed. Default is 100000.
- `-N'
-
Turns off structured comments; this might be necessary on some systems
that try to interpret PostScript comments in weird ways, or on some
PostScript printers. Old versions of TranScript in particular cannot
handle modern Encapsulated PostScript.
- `-o name'
-
The output will be sent to file name If no file name is given, the
default name is `file.ps' where the `.dvi' file was called
`file.dvi'; if this option isn't given, any default in the
configuration file is used. If the first character of the supplied
output file name is an exclamation mark, then the remainder will be used
as an argument to
popen
; thus, specifying `!lpr' as the
output file will automatically queue the file for printing. This option
also disables the automatic reading of the `PRINTER' environment
variable, and turns off the automatic sending of control D if it was
turned on with the `-F' option or in the configuration file; use
`-F' after this option if you want both.
- `-O offset'
-
Move the origin by a certain amount. The offset is a
comma-separated pair of dimensions, such as `.1in,-.3cm' (in the
same syntax used in the `papersize' special). The origin of the
page is shifted from the default position (of one inch down, one inch to
the right from the upper left corner of the paper) by this amount.
- `-p num'
-
The first page printed will be the first one numbered num.
Default is the first page in the document. If the num is prefixed
by an equals sign, then it (and any argument to the `-l' option) is
treated as a sequence number, rather than a value to compare with
char92 count0 values. Thus, using `-p =3' will start
with the third page of the document, no matter what the pages are
actually numbered.
- `-pp pagelist'
-
A comma-separated list of pages and ranges (a-b) may be given, which
will be interpreted as char92 count0 values. Pages not
specified will not be printed. Multiple `-pp' options may be
specified or all pages and page ranges can be specified with one
`-pp' option.
- `-P printername'
-
Sets up the output for the appropriate printer. This is implemented by
reading in `config.printername', which can then set the output pipe
(as in, `!lpr -Pprintername' as well as the font paths and any
other `config.ps' defaults for that printer only. Note that
`config.ps' is read before `config.printername' In addition,
another file called `~/.dvipsrc' is searched for immediately after
`config.ps'; this file is intended for user defaults. If no
`-P' command is given, the environment variable `PRINTER' is
checked. If that variable exists, and a corresponding configuration
file exists, that configuration file is read in.
- `-q'
-
Run in quiet mode. Don't chatter about pages converted, etc.; report nothing
but errors to standard error.
- `-r'
-
Stack pages in reverse order. Normally, page 1 will be printed first.
- `-s'
-
Causes the entire global output to be enclosed in a save/restore pair.
This causes the file to not be truly conformant, and is thus not recommended,
but is useful if you are driving the printer directly and don't care too
much about the portability of the output.
- `-S num'
-
Set the maximum number of pages in each `section'. This option is most
commonly used with the
`-i'
option; see that documentation above for more information.
- `-t papertype'
-
This sets the paper type to papertype. The papertype should
be defined in one of the configuration files, along with the appropriate
code to select it. (Currently known types include `letter',
`legal', `ledger', `a4', `a3'). You can also specify
`-t landscape', which rotates a document by 90 degrees. To rotate
a document whose size is not letter, you can use the `-t' option
twice, once for the page size, and once for landscape. The upper left
corner of each page in the `.dvi' file is placed one inch from the
left and one inch from the top. Use of this option is highly dependent
on the configuration file. Note that executing the `letter' or
`a4' or other PostScript operators cause the document to be
nonconforming and can cause it not to print on certain printers, so the
paper size should not execute such an operator if at all possible.
- `-T `offset''
-
Set the paper size to the given pair of dimensions. This option takes
its arguments in the same style as
`-O.'
It overrides any paper size special in the dvi file.
- `-U'
-
Disable a PostScript virtual memory saving optimization that stores the
character metric information in the same string that is used to store
the bitmap information. This is only necessary when driving the Xerox
4045 PostScript interpreter. It is caused by a bug in that interpreter
that results in `garbage' on the bottom of each character. Not
recommended unless you must drive this printer.
- `-x num'
-
Set the magnification ratio to
num/1000. Overrides the magnification specified in the `.dvi' file.
Must be between 10 and 100000.
- `-X num'
-
Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to
num.
- `-Y num'
-
Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to
num.
- `-Z'
-
Causes bitmapped fonts to be compressed before they are downloaded,
thereby reducing the size of the PostScript font-downloading information.
Especially useful at high resolutions or when very large fonts are
used. Will slow down printing somewhat, especially on early 68000-based
PostScript printers.
MakeIndex is a program for making an index in a document generated with
LaTeX.
See `doc\makeindex\makeindex.dvi' for more information.
[ This section is borrowed from the MakeIndex manual. ]
The usual way to invoke MakeIndex is as follows:
makeindex options [idx0 idx1 idx2...]
Options
- `-c'
-
Compress intermediate blanks (ignoring leading and trailing blanks and
tabs). By default, blanks in the index key are retained.
- `-g'
-
Employ German word ordering in the index, in accord with rules set forth
in DIN 5007. By default, makeindex employs a word ordering in which
precedence is: symbols, numbers, uppercase letters, lowercase letters.
The sequence in German word ordering is: symbols, lowercase letters,
uppercase letters, numbers. Addition- ally, this option enables
makeindex to recognize the German TeX-commands {"a, "o, "u and "s} as
{ae, oe, ue and ss} during the sorting of the entries. The quote
character must be redefined in a style file (for example, redefine quote
as '+'). If the quote character is not redefined, makeindex will
produce an error message and abort.
- `-i'
-
Take input from stdin. When this option is specified and `-o' is
not, output is written to stdout.
- `-l'
-
Letter ordering; by default, word ordering is used (see the ORDERING
section).
- `-o ind'
-
Employ ind as the output index file. By default,
the file name is created by appending the extension `.ind'
to the base name of the first input file (idx0).
- `-p num'
-
Set the starting page number of the output index file to be num
(useful when the index file is to be formatted separately). The
argument num may be numerical or one of the following:
- `any'
-
The starting page is the last source page number plus 1.
- `odd'
-
The starting page is the first odd page following the last source page
number.
- `even'
-
The starting page is the first even page following the last source page
number.
The last source page is obtained by searching backward in the log file
for the first instance of a number included within paired square
brackets ([...]). If a page number is missing or the log file is not
found, no attempt will be made to set the starting page number. The
source log file name is determined by appending the extension
`.log' to the base name of the first input file (idx0).
- `-q'
-
Quiet mode; send no messages to stderr. By default, progress and error
messages are sent to stderr as well as to the transcript file.
- `-r'
-
Disable implicit page range formation; page ranges must be created by
using explicit range operators; see SPECIAL EFFECTS below. By default,
three or more successive pages are automatically
abbreviated as a range (e.g. 1-5).
- `-s sty'
-
Employ sty as the style file (no default). The environment
variable `INDEXSTYLE' defines the path where the style file should
be found.
- `-t log'
-
Employ log as the transcript file. By default, the file name is created
by appending the extension `.ilg' to the base name of the first
input file (idx0).
You use BibTeX in conjunction with LaTeX to compose
bibliographies. MiKTeX comes with two BibTeX implementations: an
`traditional' BibTeX 0.99c implementation called `bibtex.exe'
and an 8-bit-enhanced implementation called `bibtex8.exe'. I
recommend using the enhanced version since it has a larger processing
capacity.
Documentation for the enhanced BiBTeX is in `c:\texmf\doc\bibtex8'.
The usual way to invoke the traditional BibTeX is as follows:
bibtex inputfilename
inputfilename must be specified without the extension.
`.bst' (BibTeX style files) are located in the directory
`c:\texmf\bibtex\bst'.
`.bib' (BibTeX databases) are located in the directory
`c:\texmf\bibtex\bib'.
YAP is a DVI previewer, i.e. it allows you to view your TeXed documents
before you send them to the printer.
The usual way to invoke YAP is as follows:
yap `document.dvi'
This opens the file `document.dvi' and displays its first
page. Note that you cannot omit the `.dvi' extension from the
filename.
YAP automatically creates missing fonts if the corresponding font source
files are available.
You can use YAP to send the whole document (or individual pages) to the
printer. Before you can do this, you have to tell YAP some facts about
your printer:
-
Select `Options...' from the `View' menu.
-
Open the `Printer' page.
-
Choose the correct mode for your printer. The file
`c:\texmf\metafont\misc\modes.mf' contains an annotated list of
valid mode names. You should consult this file if you don't know the the
mode for your printer.
-
Enter the correct resolution for your printer.
Go to the first, previous, next, last section, table of contents.